The eNotes Blog Januarys Study Tip How to Beat the Winter QuarterBlues

Januarys Study Tip How to Beat the Winter QuarterBlues Winter is the cruelest of quarters. One day youre making joyful and celebrating the new year, the following youre expected to have perused the entirety of your coursework and to bob back to understudy existence with the young and nimbleness of, well, an understudy On the off chance that you feel the winter quarter sads, attempt these brisk tips to remain propelled for your classes: 1. Jazz up your apartment Modest and happy are the usable words here. In light of winters brief days and long evenings, your little space can undoubtedly turn desolate, which thusly will influence your state of mind and how well you concentrate there. Have a go at infusing some additional light with the assistance of an economical box of Christmas tree lights. Itll feel like the great winter cheer never left. You can discover other apartment enlivening thoughts on this Pinterest board. 2. Put resources into a light treatment box Like above, on the off chance that you live some place cold getting enough of the suns beams can represent the deciding moment your winter blues. Except if youre sufficiently blessed to live in the daylight express this season, you might need to put resources into a light treatment box for your desk. Mayo Clinicâ has some accommodating data on how theyre used to treat SAD (Seasonal full of feeling issue). You may likewise need to recharge the Vitamin D youll be absent with nourishment or enhancements. 3. Separate an exhausting daily practice Truly, schedules can be extraordinary, however in the event that you feel youre falling into a winter quarter droop in view of the everyday drudgery of classes, punctuated distinctly by additionally considering and eating times, get out there and discover something enjoyable to separate your daily practice. You could join a club, apply for an entry level position, tryout for the school play, or plan an excursion with companions. Anything that gives you something energizing to anticipate is something to be thankful for. Also, that, my companions, is the means by which you win winter. Appreciate the season!

The Art of Advertising: Newtype USA :: Art

The Art of Advertising: Newtype USA In the event that publicizing isn't an authority or state craftsmanship, it is in any case plainly workmanship (Schudson). This magnificent statement unmistakably portrays the sort of publicizing found in Newtype USA. The three most utilized strategies by publicists in this magazine is the utilization of moderate craftsmanship, shading, and wonderful view. These procedures claim to a craftsman, and a great many people who watch anime will in general attract their extra time. This bodes well considering the entirety of the items they have in Newtype are for the most part Japanese movement (anime). While glancing through this magazine I found that each and every notice was wonderful. Anyone that draws can value the excellence of liveliness and at long last the nature of the designs depicted in the promotion has a major impact in whether an individual will buy it. This being stated, it makes it straightforward why they utilize these procedures to promote. The principal significant procedure found in Newtype is moderate workmanship. This strategy is generally utilized for anime that is finished by a particularly decent organization. The thought is that they needn't bother with an extravagant commercial, in light of the fact that their characters are very much drawn. They should simply post a solitary picture of one character from their anime on a strong setting and plant their logo on it. At the point when an anime fan sees a wonderfully drawn character, the main thing they believe is that it must be an incredible anime and they need to recognize what it’s about. The way that the organization delivering the anime clearly has monstrous ability in drawing a solitary picture is a major selling point as well. Next, the procedure of utilizing lovely view in ads is presumably the most utilized in Newtype. Leo Burnett depicted it best when he stated, I view an incredible advertisement as the most excellent thing in the world† (Art). Certain anime organizations favor wonderfully definite foundations to flawlessness in singular characters. In their commercials the shopper will see the foundation pictures of strongholds, blossoms, skies, and so forth. As of late they have likewise been utilizing a ton of PC designs rather than essential liveliness to truly improve the foundation experience. This has a similar impact to the client that the moderate workmanship has in that they in a split second acknowledge what they are seeing. The shopper is intrigued with the nature of view in the notices making them need to purchase the item.

Social performance of Unilever an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Social execution of Unilever Presentation: Need paper test on Social execution of Unilever theme? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue Each business house, regardless of how enormous or little it is, has some social duties which are should have been met basically. The prime objective of a corporate house isn't just to maintain a beneficial business and use network assets for its own benefit, yet in addition to give satisfactory come back to the general public by taking dynamic part in the advancement of the general public inside which it works. A corporate house should regard and secure human rights and take effective measures to guarantee that they are not occupied with any benevolent episode identifying with maltreatment of human rights. Not just that, a business house ought to likewise work in a domain amicable manner. It ought to guarantee that condition doesn't get weakened by its activity; rather it should take some viable measures so as to improve natural conditions. The United Nation has additionally perceived social support of corporate houses. It has made an enormous stride in propelling the universes biggest activity for making corporate resident socially capable by presenting worldwide minimal in 2000 which sanctioned some all inclusive rules that corporate houses ought to follow so as to work in the worldwide market in an increasingly steady path and to manufacture progressively prosperous and thriving social orders. This worldwide smaller propelled by the United Nations really draws in players in the private parts to recognize and spread great corporate practices in the regions of human rights, work rights, insurance of the earth, and against debasement. (Rasche 2009, 513) The worldwide conservative remembers ten standards for the zones of human rights, work eight, condition, and anticorruption that a corporate house ought to follows. In the territories of human rights, a business house ought to expand backing and regard the insurance of human rights inside the region of its impact, and guarantee that they are not occupied with human rights infringement. In the event of security of work rights, a corporate house should offer appreciation to one side of aggregate dealing and the opportunity of work affiliation, ought to take out a wide range of obligatory or constrained work, should participate in powerful annulment of kid work, and ought to maintain a strategic distance from any kind of separation as for business and occupation. Most definitely, every business house ought to attempt prudent way to deal with address natural difficulties, should take activities for advancing more noteworthy duty towards condition, and ought to empower the turn of events and execution of condition cordial advancements. Lastly, in the regions of hostile to defilement, every business should take dynamic measures against a wide range of debasement including pay off and blackmail. (Joined Nations 2010) This paper will attempt to investigate how far one of the universes most prestigious corporate houses, Unilever, has performed towards meeting its social obligations, at the end of the day to state, this paper tries to analyze to what degree Unilever has been fruitful in following the standards of the worldwide minimal. Social execution of Unilever: Unilever is world well known worldwide organization that possesses a number prestigious brands in the market of food, home and individual consideration, refreshments and so forth. It works on a worldwide stage with a well persified item portfolio including renowned brand like Persil, Dove, Flora, Knorr and so on it for the most part makes food items alongside home and individual consideration items. Its market has become so colossal that its market has stretched out to upwards of 150 nations. It has a colossal representative base including 227,000 individuals around the world. It is completely worldwide organization as in each mainland, aside from Antarctica, it has its processing plants and operational organizations. Throughout the years so as to expand its market power it has been following the strategy for acquisitions and take overs. Through various huge acquisitions it currently possesses upwards of 400 brands. (Brands forever (Unilever 2010, 1)) Being such an enormous corporate house, the corporate social duty of Unilever is additionally expected to be gigantic and it has properly perceived its obligation towards the general public other than satisfying its benefit making objective. Be that as it may, acknowledgment of obligation isn't sufficient, rather it is important to concentrate more on those exercises which can help distinguishing the organization as a socially capable corporate house. Along these lines let us take a gander at the exhibition of Unilever towards satisfying its social duties. To the extent the companys duties towards securing the earth is concerned, the organization has made some viable strides towards delivering its items in condition neighborly ways. For instance, it has made some compelling strides towards satisfying its dedication of purchasing required palm oil from supportable sources which are naturally guaranteed so as to meet the necessity for its organizations in whole Europe, Australia and New Zealand. In 2010, the organization has had the option to make sure about adequate GreenPalm endorsements for purchasing manageable palm oil. GreenPalm is really a testament program for exchanging palm oil which has been intended to handle a wide range of natural and social issues that are related with he creation of palm oil. Be that as it may, regardless of social event enough of GreenPalm declarations, the organization has been reprimanded by Greenpeace fro causing deforestation. In 2008, Greenpeace UK Accused Unilever for making sure about palm oil from those providers who created palm oil so that the rainforest of Indonesia got harmed. One of the palm oil providers of Unilever was likewise blamed for deforestation for the manors of palm trees which undermined a types of monkey. (Natural maintainability ((Unilever 2010, 1)) Despite the fact that there are a few reactions and allegations against Unilever in the zones of ecological issues, one essential point ought not be overlooked that in every one of these cases Unilever reacted in a positive manners via looking through viable techniques which ought to follow natural standards. Indeed, the endeavor of making sure about enough of GrenPalm authentications is a case of such an exertion. Aside from purchasing palm oil from naturally affirmed sources, the organization has likewise made a crucial stride towards acquiring transformation the tea business by making the dedication of purchasing all its tea from moral and feasible sources. Being the proprietor of the universes smash hit tea brand, Lipton, the organization targets getting all its tea sacks naturally affirmed in the worldwide market by 2015. This move denotes the initial step by any tea organization in get new economically ensured tea the market for a huge scope. The organization has built up Lipton as a potential brand which can console its shopper about the tea sources. It generally takes part in improving the nature of the tea in a situation benevolent way. Notwithstanding, one thing ought not be disregarded that while the organization has attempting to make sure about its crude materials from maintainable sources so as to secure condition, a few times it gets blamed for dumping of concoction squander. For instance, Hindustan Lever, its Indian auxiliary, every now and again has reprimanded for dumping synthetic waste even in those spots which are secured nature saves. (Ecological manageability ((Unilever 2010, 1)) Despite having a few claims in the zones of securing condition, the organization has had the option to set up itself as the primary organization which has set due consideration towards utilizing condition agreeable crude materials for its items. This would basically expand markets for its items and make the organization progressively gainful and subsequently partner would now be able to get higher pidends. (Brammer, et al. 2005, p. 13) Unilever is likewise dynamic towards stretching out assistance to the network inside the circle of its impact at the period of scarcity. For instance, on January 15, 2010, Unilever had made a financial gift of $500,000 in organization with the United Nations World Food Program to the overwhelming earth shudder casualties of Haiti. The organization is, be that as it may, now and again censured for boosting prejudice through its notices. For instance, in an ongoing promotion of its skin helping item, reasonable and Lovely it demonstrates how a darker looking woman who used to be overlooked by her managers and other men out of nowhere gets appealing to all men and get glitzy vocation, this notice is by all accounts disheartening for darker looking ladies. Not just that, the organization has additionally presented another dessert in Austrailia with the name Mohr im Hemd which was before utilized for a chocolate claim to fame so as to allude bare wild Africans. The organization nonetheless, disproves such charges and claims that it has utilized the name after directing a wide market concentrate without having any basic input. (Regarding Rights (Unilever 2010, 1)) To the extent its obligation towards securing work rights is concerned, some significant claims has been made against the organization, especially against its auxiliaries in India and Pakistan. These charges concerned the issues of utilization of youngster work, site terminations, opportunity of work affiliations, and aggregate bartering. Where everybody is soughting for restricting kid work, being one of the universes most famous MNC, Unilever is blamed for utilizing kid work in its assembling units. This sort of occurrence may take the organization to the court which would not be excellent for its notoriety and partner may sell their stakes in the organization in the dread of awful results. In any case, the organization has had the option to determine most the grievances. ((Regarding Rights (Unilever 2010, 1)) To the extent the territories of securing human rights are concerned, the organization has made some compelling strides. A fascinating point to be noted here is

Mary Shellys Frankenstein to Tony Morrisons Sula - 275 Words

Theme that Ties Mary Shelly's Frankenstein to Tony Morrison's Sula (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Tutor:Course:Date:Theme that Ties Mary Shelly's Frankenstein to Tony Morrison's SulaFrankenstein is a Gothic Novel written by Mary Shelley. It was published in 1818. The story revolves around Victor Frankenstein, a Science prodigy who ends up inventing a new from of life, a monster. The book revolves around Victors efforts to destroy his own creation. However, the monster, which threatens to be a new form of life brought about by Victor, fights back, strangling people close to Victor. Victor never accomplishing his mission, as the narrator states that he died in his ship, while the monster enters the deep waters. This novel compares to Tony Morrisons Sula, written in 1978.The two books have strikingly similar themes, such as Family, mystery, the pursuit of knowledge, unconventional thought and love and romance. The theme of family ties seems to best join the two novels, since it is at the heart of this theme that the novels unravel. Both Shelley and Morrison se em to agree that the family is a very important institution in the society, and that its choice to accept or reject a person has serious implications on the persons self worth, conduct and final outcome. For instance, both novels reveal that the family is the most important social order. Shelleys Frankensteins begins with a narration by Robert Walton, an unsuccessful writer who, in pursuit of fame, sets out on a scientific exploration of the Polar North. Captain Walton is writing a letter to his sister, Madam Margaret Walton Saville. The letter ends up being the novel Frankenstein. By indicating Waltons background, Shelley accounts for the inconsistencies and discontinuities seen in his narrative letter. On the other hand, Morrisons introduction of the Bottom, the area where Sula is set brings about a slave and his master. The slave hopes to attain a reward from his master, who has become his family. The master points to the hills, the Bottom land. The authors could not have found a stronger way to introduce their stories. Shelleys introduction of a captain talking to his sister foreshadows the close ties to be identified later in the novel. Similarly, Morrisons introduction foreshadows the future issues which will arise from family ties. Captain Walton explains the story of Victor as received from a dying Victor Frankenstein. It will be noted that almost throughout the novel, Shelley introduces a character by first stating their family background. Victors birth in a wealthy family from Geneva, as well as that of his brothers Ernest and William point to his current situation. The death of his mother just before he joins the University inspires him to venture in to researches in Alchemy, Chemistry and Physical Sciences. He is more fascinated with how such sciences can be used to bring back the dead. Shelleys connection of Victors mothers death to his ambitious pursuits in the University has significance in bringing coherence in her story line. It is also a sta tement that circumstances affecting our beloved ones affect our life choices. Little is said about his brothers, which is understandable in a novel setting. On the other hand, in Sula, the background of the protagonist, Nel, and antagonist, Sula, take a similar perspective. The ... chapter contrasts the families of the two. Nels family upholds conventional living to the latter. The family wants her to lead a similar life, but she is not decided, even after meeting her unconventional grandmother. Sulas family is the exact opposite of Nels family. Her promiscuous mother and grandmother, as well as her three adopted brothers, the deweys represent an unconventional family. Nevertheless, Nel and Sula become fierce friends in their adolescence. Morrison uses the family to show how our personality types, life beliefs and philosophies are shaped. Similarly, the contrast builds in to his conflict and later resolution. Shelley and Morrison are also careful to note that even though families ca n shape and affect an individuals life; people can still choose to lead different lives. Shelleys novel points out that despite rejection by family, individuals choices and decisions will ultimately determine their outcome in life. Victor is appalled at the sight of his creation, the monster. After seeing its disturbing appearance, he flees from the lab. In turn, the monster seeks solace in the woods, near a peasant familys cottage, the deLaceys. He learns language by listening to them, as well as studying a manuscript on literature he collects in the woods. When he sees a reflection of his disfigured face in a nearby pool, he understands why the human race rejects him. His efforts to be reconciled to the race are in vein, since most flee from him. Morrison brings out Nel as a compliant lady. She sees some sense in conventional life, although she is unsure. After the fatal accident that leads to the death of the young boy Chicken Little, she begins parting ways with Sula, her closes t friend. Sula is also compliant to her family line. Morrison notes that she watches her mother burn to death without moving. Morrison leaves the reader with the dilemma as to whether we are wholly a product of circumstances outside our own control or whether we can choose to change our lives. Sula ends up being the antagonist, most likely because of the family she comes from, while Nel becomes the protagonist, due to her family background. One will also wonder whether right living entails conventional lifestyles only. Again, similarities within the family have been explored to the latter in the two novels. Both novels depict a family line naming system, where individuals with similar characteristics receive similar names. For instance, critics are yet to agree on who actually the name Frankenstein as the title of Shelleys book refers to. One group holds that Frankenstein is simply Victors surname, while the other holds that the name actually refers to the monster. The latter group bases its argument on the names purpose. The author could have called the book Victor, if she wanted to refer to the protagonist. A third group, which I concur with, argues that Victor Frankenstein and the monster could as well be one and the same. This group puts...

Buddhism And Its Impact On Western Asia - 1804 Words

Buddhism is one of the largest religions in the world with an estimated 500 million adherents located in all corners of the globe. Although Buddhism is practiced all around the world, the majority of Buddhists are centered in the Eastern, Southern and Central parts of Asia. It was founded in India in approximately 525 B.C. by Siddhartha Gautama. Although it was founded and first gained a foothold in India, Buddhism today is usually more associated with East Asian countries such as Korea and Japan. Given the diversity of the peoples of East Asia and their political systems, culture and language one might wonder what led to the expansion of Buddhism over such a large geographical area. Buddhism began spreading quickly to Eastern Asia as a†¦show more content†¦Release from this cycle is only achieved by attaining enlightenment, the ultimate goal for Buddhists. A Buddha is an all-knowing being who has reached that perfect state of transcendence in which the concepts of humanities greed, hate and delusion are exterminated. Another key aspect is that upon passing into nirvana, one is never subject to rebirth again. According to tradition, the founder of Buddhism was born in 563 B.C.E. Siddhartha left his palace, renouncing his wealth and status, to find the cause of suffering. After years of searching, he found his answer and went on to teach others. When he died, he attained nirvana, the release from earthly desires and suffering, and became the Buddha. The Buddha s teachi ngs were written down by his followers who spread his message. These texts are called sutras. A religion began to form and new branches of Buddhism were created. The introduction of Buddhism to Korea impacted the culture and politics of the region immensely. It fundamentally changed the way in which people interacted and how political actions was carried out. Buddhism was often used as a political tool by the ruling elites and the royal families. Before the spread and integration of Buddhism, a very important religion for the Korea people was Shamanism. Buddhism absorbed the myths,

Essay on Heroes of Celtic and Germanic Mythology - 3702 Words

Heroes of Celtic and Germanic Mythology Throughout the myths of the Celtic and Germanic peoples of northern Europe tales of epic heroes and their extraordinary deeds abound. These tales depict heroes performing a variety of incredible feats; many of which appear to be magical, superhuman, and, quite honestly, utterly impossible (e.g., wading across oceans, defeating armies virtually single-handedly, and other astounding exploits). Since the Celtic and Germanic tribes of antiquity inhabited neighboring lands and lived in close proximity to one another (as many of their modern descendants continue to do: i.e., in Great Britain), it is not surprising that they often established intimate relationships with each other via commerce,†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, Beowulf displayed many characteristics, which are not unlike those exhibited by other legendary champions. Although Beowulf’s birth does not appear to have been divine or shrouded in mystery or magic, his lineage was noble since his mother was the daughter of the high Geatish king Hrethel. Furthermore, in his analysis of the Beowulf Legend Howell D. Chickering, Jr. suggests that Beowulf was a vessel, through which divine power operated. He claims that the appearance of the shining light as Beowulf decapitated Grendel’s mother was a manifestation of white magic and symbolized good triumphing over evil: The sword itself is destroyed in the process, its blade melting away in battle-icicles from the poisonous blood of the monster. Only the golden hilt remains, engraved with the legend of how God destroyed the race of giants in the Flood. This sequence suggests that Beowulf wins his underwater victory as an agent of Providence and in a manner that somehow resembles the cleansing of the earth by the Flood (274). Thus, in spite of his mortal birth and upbringing, albeit a noble and heroic upbringing, Beowulf may have eventually became an instrument of divinity. Beowulf unquestionably displayed the enhanced endurance that was so often a trait of the epic heroes of Celtic and Germanic lore. This endurance was evidenced byShow MoreRelatedSignificance And Significance Of Mythology1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to understand the importance and meaning of magic in mythology, it is helpful to try to understand why human cultures create myths. Mythology can refer to the collected myths of a group of people—their body of stories which they tell to explain nature, history, and customs—or to the study of such myths. As a collection of such stories, mythology is a vital feature of every culture. Various origins for myths have been proposed, ranging from personification of nature, personification of naturalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Batman 1127 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Cotterell, author of The Illustrated A-Z Classic Mythology: The Legends of Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Norse and Celtic Worlds, described Loki by saying, â€Å"He was a mischief-maker, trickster, and shape-changer, and grew progressively more evil until the coming of Ragnarok, the end of the world.† Loki is only one of the many Norse gods and goddess, but he is the only one described as a trickster or evil god. In many cultures the mythologies often depict how actual people acted. Throughout history

Price and State Farm free essay sample

Defenders of Communist economic system may point out that consumers pay lower prices for certain good because the government imposes a limit on what producers may charge. Cite at least two other ways that consumers may be â€Å"paying† for these goods. * RENT CONTROL IN NEW YORK CITY: Rent control is a price ceiling on rent. When soldiers returned from World War II and started families (which increased demand for apartments), but stopped receiving military pay, many could not deal with the jumping rent. The government put in price controls, so soldiers and their families could pay the rent and keep their homes. However, this increased the quantity demanded for apartments and lowered the quantity supplied, meaning that available apartments were rapidly taken until none were left for late-comers. Price ceilings create shortages when producers are allowed to abdicate market share or go unsubsidized. * STATE FARM INSURANCE: A February  4, 2009 Wall Street Journal article stated, Last month State Farm pulled the plug on its 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Price and State Farm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2  million homeowner policies in Florida, citing the states punishing price controls State Farms local subsidiary recently requested an increase of 47%, but state regulators refused. State Farm says that since 2000 it has paid $1. 21 in claims and expenses for every $1 of premium income received. 3. 1 Production opportunity cost: After reviewing the statement, company managers are concerned about the loss on version Z and are considering ceasing production of that version. Should they do so? Why or why not? In my opinion they should continue the production of Version Z, the corporate overhead is a fix cost fallacy, it means that even if they do not produce anymore Version Z cans, their overhead is not going to be lower than 180,000. On the other hand if they stop the production of version Z cans, they will be losing the opportunity to bring 22. 500 to their profit, they will break even (0. 00) just with the production of Version X and Y. 3. 5 Evaluating Performance in a Small Business: Calculate accounting profit. What are the opportunity costs for the manager of being in this business relative to returning to his old job? What is the economic profit of the business? 1. Accounting profit equals total revenue minus all explicit costs Total Sales $1,000,000. Labor Cost 900,000. Salary 40,000. Acc. Profit $60,000. 2. Economic profit equals Accounting profits minus implicit costs Acc. Profit 60. 000. Forgone wages 70. 000. Forgone earning 6. 000. Econo. Profit $-16. 000 3. Opportunity cost: By opening his own home building company, this manager is giving away $16. 000 annually. He had a salary of $70. 000 and he was receiving $6. 000 of interest from his investment account. With his business he only has and accounting profit of $60. 000.

The Tenets of Behaviorism an Example by

The Tenets of Behaviorism Behaviorism is an approach which is often attributed to John Watson (Green, 2001). The said school dominated much of Northern American psychology during the 1920s until the 1960s (Green, 2001). Need essay sample on "The Tenets of Behaviorism" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Behaviorism can be viewed as a reaction to the prevailing views in psychology in 1913. During that time, psychology was regarded as the study of the mind. The method of introspection by a trained observer under controlled conditions was employed in order to study consciousness - then defined as the core phenomena of mind (Wozniak, 1997). Almost 25 years later, psychology shifted its focus: from being confined to the study of mental phenomena, it moved towards the study of behavior. Methods of analysis typically involved objective observations of behavioral data which varied as a result of experimental manipulation of stimulus conditions. Indeed, learning and memory were considered as the core phenomena of behavior (Woodworth, 1938 as cited from Wozniak, 1997). Although it has been instructive to view behaviorism as a singular school, nothing could be farther from the truth. In fact, behaviorism consists of different approaches. For instance, Ivan Pavlov paved the way for the development of classical conditioning while B. F. Skinner, introduced operant conditioning. These approaches provide different explanations behind the processes which account for learning (Ormrod, 2004). Despite the different approaches within the paradigm; different behaviorists agree on the following tenets behind it. First, the principles behind learning should equally operate on different animal species and on different behaviors. Using the assumption that all humans and animals learn alike; behaviorist apply to human learning the principles which they have derived from their study of nonhuman species. Second, the learning process can be studied most effectively when one focuses on the stimuli and responses involved (Ormrod, 2004). Third, mental phenomena are excluded from psychological study because they could not be objectively measured (Mayer, 2007). Fourth, learning must involve a behavior change. Indeed, some behaviorists believe that learning could only be inferred if it involved a behavior change. Fifth, behaviorists believe that organisms are born as blank slates. Different environmental experiences account for the individual differences in organisms. Sixth, learning is l argely a function of environmental factors. Most learning is therefore assumed to occur beyond the individuals control. Lastly, behaviorists emphasize the value of parsimonious theories. Parsimonious theories account for simple as well as complex behaviors using the fewest learning principles (Ormrod, 2004). The said tenets thus provide the best contrasts between the behaviorist and functionalist schools of psychology. While behaviorism focuses on overt behaviors and emphasizes the use of objective methods in measuring learning and memory; functionalism focuses on mental processes and their relation to behavior. Introspection was the primary method used in order to study mental processes and the focus was shifted in examining how the systems within the mind interacted while it was functioning (Gordon, 1995). In essence, the behaviorist and functionalist paradigms provide two ways to understand psychology. While the behaviorists are right to point out that psychology should focus on behavior and should use scientific methods in its study; it should take into consideration that mental processes within the individual are also significant avenues of study as well. For instance, the functionalist paradigm is still prevalent in mainstream psychology in that modern psychology acknowledges the importance of looking at the process rather than the structure (Gordon, 1995). In fact, no argument is better to point out that both paradigms are valid approaches to the field other than the definition of psychology itself. After all, psychology is now defined as the scientific study of mental processes and behavior (Zimmer, 1999). References Gordon, Oakley. (1995). William James and Functionalism. A Brief History of Psychology. Green, Christopher (2001).Introduction to: Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it. John B. Watson (1913). Classics in the History of Psychology. Retrieved December 8, 2007, http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/intro.htm Mayer, Ronald. (2007). Unit 7 Behaviorism. Psychology 601: Theoretical Backgrounds in Psychology Homepage. Retrieved December 8, 2007, http://online.sfsu.edu/~psych601/unit7/671.htm Ormrod, Jeanne. (2004). Human Learning, 4th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education,Inc. Wozniak, Robert. (1997). Commentary on Psychology as the Behaviorist View It John B. Watson (1913). Originally published as "Behaviorism," In Bringmann, W.G., Luck, H.E., Miller, R., Zimmer, Gene. (1999). The Definition of Psychology. Foundation for Truth in Reality.

Free Essays on I Witnessed

I witnessed a miracle About six years ago my parents and I realized how hard it is to nearly lose an immediate family member, someone we truly love. November 29, 1998 was a cold and rainy day in the small town of Splendora, Texas, my hometown. I was at my friend Amanda’s house that day watching movies when I first heard some terrible news. The telephone rang and it was for me. I thought to myself, â€Å"who could be calling me.† I knew that my mom was grocery shopping and my dad was at work, so I did not think it would be either of them. When I answered the phone I realized it was my mother, she sounded horrified, I knew something bad had happened. That was the moment I found out my older brother, Wade, had a deadly disease called bacterial meningitis. Earlier that morning my brother went to his friend Shaun’s house to go play video games. Later that afternoon my mom was grocery shopping when Wade called her and said he was not feeling well. So, my mom rushing through the store quickly finished her grocery shopping and immediately drove to Shaun’s house to go get my brother. When she arrived Wade slowly walked outside on the old wooden porch. At that moment mom realized how bad the situation really was. He looked as if were a walking zombie; he was so weak and stiff. He had large dark circles around his eyes that made him look very tired and restless. With all his might, he slid his feet one by one across the old porch trying to get to the car. My mom looking as terrified as any other mother would, she got out of the car to help him make it down the stairs safely. Wade struggling to walk down the stairs looked at my mom with his dark brown eyes and said in a soft sickly voice, â€Å"take me to the hospitalâ₠¬ . Raging through all the traffic, they rushed to the emergency room at Kingwood hospital. As soon as he arrived the nurses took his temperature, it was 106.2 degrees. They immediately took him in the back on a str... Free Essays on I Witnessed Free Essays on I Witnessed I witnessed a miracle About six years ago my parents and I realized how hard it is to nearly lose an immediate family member, someone we truly love. November 29, 1998 was a cold and rainy day in the small town of Splendora, Texas, my hometown. I was at my friend Amanda’s house that day watching movies when I first heard some terrible news. The telephone rang and it was for me. I thought to myself, â€Å"who could be calling me.† I knew that my mom was grocery shopping and my dad was at work, so I did not think it would be either of them. When I answered the phone I realized it was my mother, she sounded horrified, I knew something bad had happened. That was the moment I found out my older brother, Wade, had a deadly disease called bacterial meningitis. Earlier that morning my brother went to his friend Shaun’s house to go play video games. Later that afternoon my mom was grocery shopping when Wade called her and said he was not feeling well. So, my mom rushing through the store quickly finished her grocery shopping and immediately drove to Shaun’s house to go get my brother. When she arrived Wade slowly walked outside on the old wooden porch. At that moment mom realized how bad the situation really was. He looked as if were a walking zombie; he was so weak and stiff. He had large dark circles around his eyes that made him look very tired and restless. With all his might, he slid his feet one by one across the old porch trying to get to the car. My mom looking as terrified as any other mother would, she got out of the car to help him make it down the stairs safely. Wade struggling to walk down the stairs looked at my mom with his dark brown eyes and said in a soft sickly voice, â€Å"take me to the hospitalâ₠¬ . Raging through all the traffic, they rushed to the emergency room at Kingwood hospital. As soon as he arrived the nurses took his temperature, it was 106.2 degrees. They immediately took him in the back on a str...

A response to a book called the emergence of the church By A Patzia Essay

A response to a book called the emergence of the church By A Patzia - Essay Example As part of that background he describes Judaism as it was in first-century Palestine as well as describing what life was like in the rest the Roman empire in general with a well presented exposition of what the Bible says about the growth of Christianity. The early church gained new recruits and spread over a greater geographical despite official persecution after Rome was burnt down, and Nero blamed the Christians for doing so. The books sources are pretty strictly biblical: the Didache is dated at or beyond 100 (p.99), and discussed only at the fringe, and the clearly first-century ROTAS square. In terms of evidence about the development and the eventual emergence of the early church as a distinct religion that was able to spread throughout the Roman Empire not mentioning the ROTAS square is arguably a serious omission. The ROTAS stone was actually found buried in the remains of Pompeii, being buried under the vast amount of waste products produced by the disastrous volcanic eruption of AD 79, and does not figure in this book. The ROTAS stone gives details of the early Christian presence in Pompeii, though of course nobody actually survived the volcanic eruption. Even if not mentioned anywhere else in his book, Patzia does not go into detail about the stone when discussing whether or not there were first-century churches in the Italian peninsula outside of Rome. Although it is not surprising that Patzia would want to concentrate upon the early church’s beginnings in Rome given its later importance for the Christian religion.1 If description and discussion of what the Bible says about the early Church is what youre looking for, this is as good a book to choose as any other. If you want too find out about the emergence and also the development of the early church from non-biblical sources then buy, or burrow another book on the early church.2 The ambience is distinctly Fuller, and here and there this brings up

A paper which explores one particular issues or dimension of legal Essay

A paper which explores one particular issues or dimension of legal environment which directly impacts business - Essay Example The tax systems determine the competitiveness of any given business with similar businesses all over the world. There are numerous taxes that impact the business either directly or indirectly. These include income taxes, employment taxes (National insurance), corporation tax, capital gains tax, value added tax (VAT) (sales tax), excise duty, import duties, specialist taxes, and property taxes as well as business rates (Simister). The politicians all over the world have colluded to tinker the tax policies. This implies that as globalization is taking place and businesses expanding, the tax policies get complicated and there are more loopholes that impacts businesses both directly and indirectly. This paper discusses the taxes and the impacts they have accustomed on businesses either at local or global levels. The first impact of tax is on the profits of the business. At the federal level gains and profits are taxed. This affects the business’ overall profit since part of the profits is submitted to the government in the form of taxes. The businesses cannot expand because the businesses cannot expand or employ more people so as to improve on their outputs. For example, if a company makes a profit of one hundred thousand dollars and the tax rate is thirty percent then it means that three thousand dollars will go to the government as tax (Djankov, Ganser, McLiesh, Ramalho, and Shleifer 246). This cost, therefore, will be transferred to the product and services prices for the company to meet its objectives; as a result the business might fail to perform well due to reduced consumers demand. If tax rates are unfavorable in a given area or country, most businesses may fail to invest in the location thus reducing their abilities to expand (Yoshov and Brumbaugh 40) Secondly, tax rates affect the structure of a given business. A

Enterprise Strategy Essay Example for Free

Enterprise Strategy Essay This type of business structure that is E-business is more common in the developed countries than in third class countries; to sell products customers in the comfort of their homes is widespread in these countries, so Forejustin Passman the founder and general manager plans to make widespread this type of business even in a developing country, Botswana. 1. 0 THE entrepreneur 1. 1 The motivation for starting the business Pull factors are exploiting opportunity and a financial incentive whilst the push factor that led him to open the business was threat of unemployment. The pull factors He was pulled into this business because he wanted to exploit an opportunity to sell gadgets such as tablets i. e. Apple’s Ipads, Amazon’s Kindle and Barnes amp;Nobles’ the nook. Consequently he decided to open Group Little, a predominantly virtual company, having little physical presence and high internet presence. After a market research he realised that most gadget stores in Botswana undermine internet trading and he decided to exploit this opportunity. Citing most gadget stores are set up according to a strategy and are purposely designed to make customer experience as pleasant as possible but their websites normally do not have a similar strategy applied to them, as the sites are normally a glorified business card that does not engage visitors and in some cases even harm the business image. Mr Passman was also pulled to gain financial incentive he paid meticulous attention to primary research in order to weigh the benefits, the cost and opportunities of his approach. The push factors The threat of unemployment is the only push factor that influenced Forejustin to start his business. At age 18 he performed poorly in his A-level results which caused him to fail to pursue a business degree at university, other than compromising and pursuing other degree programmes that he lacked interest in he decided to re-sit some examinations. Whilst in wait for examination results he did not want to be considered to be part of the unemployed so he started his company Group Little. 1. 2 Forejustin Passman’s character traits Proactive- he is one of the few people who do not believe in luck, he seeks after opportunities other than wait for them to present themselves to him. He is also quick and decisive, when faced with the dilemma of whether to go into just conventional retailing he decided and to have the virtual retailing, where he has limited physical presence and a fully-fledged internet presence. His logic behind such a decision being that the internet is a necessary portal for success in the 21st century business and beyond. He is regarded by some a restless while he considers himself easily bored because as he says he is easily diverted to the most recent market opportunity. He is especially known as a man who acts and then learns from the outcomes of his action, and thus far his upbeat approach has worked positively to advance the company. Visionary- Mr Passman has and had a clear vision for Group Little; for it to become a household name in virtual companies of Africa and to be an expert in Africa’s virtual market space. He wants Group Little to be benchmarked by any international company exploring to invest in the virtual market place of Africa. Now this visionary flair has positioned him to be always at the right place at the right time and being able snatch opportunities within his vision. 1. MR Passman’s personality type Mr Forejustin Passman is certainly spontaneous. Spontaneous because most of the things he does, he does instinctively. This matches positively with his proactive character trait mentioned previously in section 1. 2. He is a creative, lively and open-minded person. His humorous nature disposes a contagious zest for lif e. Forejustin’s enthusiasm and sparkling energy inspires the team to work harder, his strengths therefore are creative problem solutions, discovering new ways and opportunities, the conceptualization of new ideas on one hand, but not so much his concrete implementation on the other. To compensate for this weakness he has staff of capable colleagues that takes over his concepts and runs with them. Spontaneous is the best classification of Mr Passman, other than classifying him as an introvert or extrovert which is a widely used approach of personality type definition, which in some cases is limiting to define peculiar individuals as Mr Forejustin Passman. 1. 4 Decision making and leadership style Decision making style Forejustin Passman’s decision making style is conceptual. He has high tolerance for ambiguity in that even when he was not sure how Batswana will respond to an e-business he still went on decided to do what he planned. He has a broad outlook in business, with the resident of truth being not enough Batswana are connected to internet currently, he deemed it fit to go ahead because most industries around the world are adopting e-business and even though Botswana is still lagging behind the time is eminent for her as well to join in. His conceptual decision making style is also evident in that he has found a creative way to solve the local problem of segregated demand and supply. Where people in difficult to reach areas have a high quantity demand of some products from businesses yet they cannot reach those businesses to be supplied with what they demand, so he decided the customers will shop in the comfort of their own far away home and he will deliver the products to them. 1. 5 Leadership style Laissez-faire style, he is a leader who has consciously made a decision to pass focus of power to the outsourced employees. He considered since the workforce is already talented and qualified to do the job they must be able to positively exercise judgement to respond to issues. Mr Passman simply sets out the targets and deadlines afterwards he charges the taskforce to do the work that is at hand, he is not very interested in how they do the job he just wants the work to be done in due time. Some have criticised his type of leadership saying he is risking the success of his business by delegating power the employees but according to him this type of environment breeds creativity, and that is what he wants from his team, creative ways to solve problems, which is a direct match to his decision making style he wants them to think like him. 1. 6 Mr Forejustin Passman’s role within the business Forejustin oversees the review of Group Little’s corporate strategy, looks for market opportunities, acquires strategic assets and protects Group Little’s existing competencies. As this organisation is relatively small, Forejustin has adopted this multidisciplinary role. His acquisition of strategic assets is done in order to solidify their position in the market, he cites sometimes organic growth is too slow for the company’s vision therefore acquisition of some assets provides an impetus to desired growth. The staff The majority of his staff is outsourced, the employees are highly knowledgeable about internet business. Being a cheerful entrepreneur he advocates for a cheerful workforce because he believes if employees are happy that drives up productivity which in turn brings healthier profit margins. 1. 7 Entrepreneurial networking Forejustin’s decision to effectively network sprung up in the beginning stages of his business, he wanted a trademark for Group Little and he just happened to remember months earlier he sent his broken computer to some young technicians; one of them named Kabelo had recently graduated from a creative arts university of Limkokwing where he studied graphic designing. He had saved his contacts in case he needed computer help but his contact wound up birthing more than just computer solutions but also a trademark for his business. This was a highlight to Forejustin that networking especially informal networking is a tool for success, his response; * He strikes conversations with strangers, to get any bit of information he can, exchanges contacts with such an individual and then regularly contact that individual until they establish a network that can provide him relevant business information, advice and support services. Chats with movers and shakers of different industries in order to get some referrals and leads. Mr Passman’s formal networks In this the entrepreneur is lacking. He has not signed up to any formal network which means his chances for collaborative opportunities with others are diminished. It is highly unlikely for him to form new business relationships and lastly it is slow to solve problems because there is no access to a si gnificant number of possible solution providers as emphasised by Kay (2010). His professed inhibitors to formal networking are high membership fees of some formal arrangements. He also attributed inflexible structured timetable for some of these formal networks as a major impediment for him join as he prefers groups that are open where he can come on casual ‘drop in’ basis. But considerations are still being made to join the Diamond Trading Company (DTC) network an outlet that informs and organizes exhibitions for small enterprises. 1. 8 Innovation There a certain drivers of innovation that prompted Forejustin Passman to pursue e-business and figure a, is quite very useful in illustrating that. Source: Sheth and Ram (1987) Figure a Because of technological advances, after the internet boom he realised he needed to adopt an approach in business which matches the changes in technology. The change in technology alters the business environment. This then means that threshold competencies and basic resources are redefined, he implication to Forejustin’s company is, whatever used to be basic necessities of successful trading is now redefined to fit the current robust and continually changing business environment. Group Little’s business environment is no longer just about having the right gadgets, it is also about close interaction with customers and widespread, effective marketing therefore Mr Passman had to approach service delivery differently. Competition for selling gadgets has intensified, with Incredible Connecti ons, Hi-Fi, Game and other gadgets stores exerting pressure, Group Little had to distinguish itself by going online. Understanding that service delivery is directly related to the customer’s psyche he found it fit to offer technological products in a technological platform such as the internet which sends a message to customers of technological proficiency. He also had to innovate since customer needs are frequently changing consequently he had to effectively address them. The weakness of his innovative approach Even though innovation is commendable and obtaining ideas from the international front is encouraged it is evident Forejustin Passman has failed to address the contextualization of this worldwide trend. His payment outlets for instance should have been modified to fit the traditional payment outlets other than just adopting the internationally proclaimed payment system PayPal. 2. 0 The enterprise 2. 1 Business strategy According to Meyer (2010) strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long-term. General enterprise strategy Emergent strategy is Group Little’s adopted strategy. Having considered the high turbulence in the industry he trades in Mr Passman decided to use this approach to guide his business. This strategy has been adopted since this industry is uncertainty and innovation based. It allows frequent feedback on the business environment which in turn permits reallocation of resources to address any information that is received about any changes in the business’ external environment. Operations strategy Figure b Source:ibbusinessandmanagement. com(2012) Using Michael Porter’s generic model figure b above, Forejustin has opted differentiation operational strategy. In this strategy unique attributes that are valued by customers and which are perceived to be better than the gadgets of the competition are intensively adopted by Group Little. This company has the following internal strengths to make this differentiation strategy successful; * Highly skilled and creative development team. * Strong sales team with the ability to successfully communicate the perceived strengths of the gadgets The risks linked with this strategy include imitation by competitors and changes in customer tastes. In addition, a range of firms pursuing focus strategies may be able to achieve even greater differentiation in their market segments. 2. 2 E-business As Group Little is a typical example of an e-business it is quite instructive to use the SWOT model to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats this organisation it has; Strengths Global reach to marketing. Since the web is an international platform Group Little’s marketing is not just limited to local media and advertising opportunities it spreads out to other regions. There is improved customer interaction. The customer and the enterprise meet in the comfort zone of the customer, therefore the customer can openly offer ideas, orders and even complaints all this will better Group Little’s service delivery. Weaknesses Security; customers are always concerned with the integrity of their payments, most shy away from revealing confidential bank information in the web, which costs Group Little significantly. The other weakness is the customer has no idea of the quality and physical condition of the gadgets; it is very common for discrepancies to exist between what sites advertise and the actual product. Opportunities New technologies surfacing could open up internet accessibility in Botswana which will be advantageous to Forejustin’s company since the critics’ argument pivots around this matter. Group Little also has prospects on cutting down local competition. As local competition has not adequately used the online trading space which can give Group Little an online competitive advantage if Forejustin Passman chooses to invest significantly to develop this area. Threats Fraud; given that there are some individuals that are out to deceive for financial gain are always Mr Passman’s concern, they may fake Group Little’s website and deceive the customers. Changes in law and regulation are always a threat. Regulatory authorities to protect customers from fraud they may place laws and regulations that will stifle Group Little’s competitiveness. 2. 3 Organisational culture This has been defined as, a system of shared actions, values and beliefs that develop within an organisation and guides the behaviour. This is as cited by Uhl-Bien et al. (2010). Forejustin Passman has directed Group Little culture, one of the shared values is the ‘no Sunday policy. ’ In this Forejustin has reflected his Christian beliefs and his philosophy of people before profit into the corporation’s culture. His belief in God prompts him to keep the Sabbath which to him is Sunday and his people before profits philosophy leads him to protect their wellbeing by giving them rest on Sunday. Any order placed on Sunday is attended on Monday by rejuvenated and more productive employees. This has its obvious disadvantages such as foregone sales but Mr Passman believes his policy is beneficial to all parties involved. When work is on between Monday to Saturday the team is relaxed and open, this as Forejustin says allows for conception of creative ideas. Any facet that stifles creativity is minimized be it the tangible such as tables or chairs or the intangible aspect like a mental attitude that stigmatizes mistakes. This culture solves two important issues external adaptation, which deals with reaching goals; how to reach those goals and if members have developed this freedom to make mistakes they can effectively guide their day-to-day activities. It also solves the issue of internal integration, members can easily merge and share ideas when mistakes are not stigmatized and this leads to greater productivity. . 4 Critical success factors of his business Branding Forejustin’s Group Little has to create a brand that appeals to the African technologically adept. Now as asserted by Perry (2009) a brand is more than just a corporate symbol it is an intangible asset that provokes emotional responses from individuals which presents a sustainable competitive advantage. This entrepreneur must position his company’s brand to be able to leverage from being one of Botswana’s few companies that are committed to successful internet trading. Little is known of Group Little but this is an incentive not a deterrent because the brand can be driven in any direction that Forejustin sees proper to execute his vision. Even though his company was registered with the Registrar of Companies and Intellectual Property in 2009, not long ago every product and or service he introduces must align to the strategy of the company; he has to monitor Group Little’s identity, as the perception portrayed to customers over these few years is the one that affords the company to leverage on the brand premium. Realising that the company’s brand was its critical success factor efforts to protect his brand symbol from infringement were undertook; he decided to copyright the brand symbol. Distribution Comprehending their need for effective systems, Group Little has rationalized their distribution systems to enhance performance of their products. As an attempt to enhance the logistics execution and capabilities Mr Passman decided to form a synergy with Botswana Couriers. This he decided to do in order to quicken delivery of the gadgets sold, in contrast to sending the orders via Botswana Post with their renowned incompetence he decided to solidify his distribution by having an exclusive agreement with Couriers. As Meyer (2010) asserts exclusive distributor agreements will constitute a major impediment to the distributors if the distributor wants to switch from the commitment. In this synergy Group Little is offered discounts because of the volume of gadgets it trades around the country and basic efficiency in the distribution of the products is greatly enhanced. Technology It seems obvious yet still noteworthy that Group Little has technology as their trading platform has to remain on vigilant and aware of new technology developments. Most gadgets they sell use mobile applications, applications are pieces of software that are designed to fulfil a particular purpose, for Group Little that purpose simply is to make easy access to its website’s content and increase sales, therefore Group Little is in the process of having their own application. The entrepreneur has looked at engaging a company named Bright labs which operates in Tlokweng for the development of Group Little’s very own mobile application this will enable those who have bought these gadgets to also download the application and then browse for more products from Mr Forejustin Passman’s Group Little. 2. 5 Conclusion Forejustin Passman’s Group Little’s performance has been average, but if he can put measures in place to direct its strategy the company will realise its potential to become a benchmark e-business in Botswana and even in Africa. He simply needs to re-assess who he is and what Group Little is, a point of focus (the target market to approach, how he is going to approach that market). In addition he is required to solidify his networks as this is one business competence he has ignored and it will ultimately cost him and his business from growing from being a small medium enterprise to being the envisioned benchmark multinational. Contextualisation of Group Little’s business model also can provide an impetus its success as well, Mr Passman shall consider adopting traditional transaction means in order not to inhibit his business from reaching every possible customer. Bibliography Books 1. Meyer, R, Wit, B, (2010), Strategy-process, content, context an international perspective, 4ed, Hampshire: Cengage learning EMEA 2. Perry, B, (2009), Enterprise operations, Oxford: Cima publishing 3. Uhl-Bien. M, Schermerhorn J. R. , Hunt . J G, Osborn R. N, (2010), Organisational behaviour, Hoboken: John Wiley amp; Sons 4. Kay. F, (2010), Successful networks, London: Kogan Page 5. Yves, L, Goz, G. H, (1998), Alliance Advantage-The art of creating value through partners, Boston: Harvard business School Press. 6. Sugars. B, (2012), Super Size your sales, the entrepreneur, August, p. 2 7. Bessant J, Tidd J,(2011), innovation and entrepreneurship, 2ed, Sussex: John Wiley and sons 8. Moon. R, Gee. S, (2012), Creating business opportunity, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan 9. Mullins L. J, (2010), management amp; organisational behaviour, 9ed, Essex: Prentice Hall Websites 10. Multiply (2012): Spontaneous idealist [online] Available from: http://mirau. multiply. com/jour nal/item/116/My-Personality-Type-Spontaneous ,[ accessed 14 December 2012] Appendix Personal reflection Studying real entrepreneurs and real companies always equips I as the student beyond lecture content. The study of this enterprise and Mr Forejustin Passman was a delight because I got to know interesting real aspects about business, I have learnt when in real business some academic theories will have to be set aside and suspended to deal with the challenges of real business. The more I researched I understood what differentiates successful entrepreneurs and unsuccessful entrepreneurs and that content I learnt were not part of the assignment requisite but I did learn This module lectures are also noteworthy, I figured this was a reiteration of Enterprise anagement I did in my second year, so lectures consisted of emphasis of year two material. Even though the material is more or less the same as of second year the assessment was interestingly structured, it was strategic rather than operational that seems like an obvious comment but this has really marked the difference in our approach. We were no longer just reporting facts, concepts and academic theories we had to apply and use our groomed understanding to critically analyse the business case.

Warfare and its Psychological Impact Essay -- War Psychology Disorders

Warfare and its Psychological Impact Warfare causes many people to suffer from psychological problems. Many times, these problems come in the form of mental illness. According to the DSM-VI, which is the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, a mental disorder is "a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that's associated with current distress (a painful symptom) or disability (impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly greater risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom. This syndrome or pattern mustn't be merely an expected, culturally sanctioned response such as grief over the death of a loved one. Whatever the cause, it must be considered a sign of a behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction."("Diseases") Mental disorders are diseases. However, according to the Director of the National Institute of Mental Health, mental disorders are treatable diseases. Mental illnesses have been proven to be illnesses of the brain. These illnesses can often be treated with medication and psychological therapy. Depression is the leading cause of disability in the world. Some believe that depression is a weakness in character, but it is a real disease with real symptoms. More people suffer from depression than heart disease. Mental illness is a serious disease. Mental disorders are serious problems with serious effects. In war there are three main groups affected by war: soldiers, non-combatants, and society. There are negative psychological consequences caused by war, both culturally and individually, these make war more costly than we realized previously. If we take these negati... ...nd there would be a lot less psychologically injured people in the US and Vietnam today. Our newfound resistance to war will prove to provide a psychologically healthy environment for not only us, but our children as well, for they are our treasure and our future. Our children are more important than any amount of oil or gold. It is our duty to create a positive environment for children in this world. Their well-being should be our first concern. They are not responsible for the conflict, but they suffer severely. They are particularly vulnerable. (Otunnu par 2) According to The Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict "there is no escaping the conclusion that combat, and the killing that lies at the heart of combat, is an extraordinarily traumatic and psychologically costly endeavor that profoundly impacts all who participate in it." (Grossman and Siddle par.2)

Good Marriage Essay

Jim went down to the kitchen where the smell of good food beckons him. He smiled to himself, pleased to note that his wife is cooking his favorite food. They’ve been together for twenty-five years, their kids are all grown up. Yet Ana hasn’t forgotten that he likes Thai cooking, slightly spicy and rich with seasoning. He saw his wife adding cut green pepper on the diced meat that is frying on the stove. Ana turned around and saw him standing in the doorway. She bade him sit down while she finishes her cooking. Instead of sitting down, Jim went to the cupboard to get plates and utensils for their meal. The couple has always find ways to please and help each other, a practice they have kept over the years. 2. A good marriage is characterized by husband and wife’s delight in a give and take relationship. There is mutual respect for each other. Husband and wife helps each other in decision-makings, the raising of children, and doing tasks. They both take care of each other and notes what are the likes and dislikes of each party. In a good marriage, the man and wife are both happy in their decision to be with each other for the rest of their lives. That commitment is reaffirmed time and again despite difficulties and trials. In a good marriage, there is laughter and conversation. Both husband and wife will always find things to talk about, and have the time to listen to each other. 3. Looking at Jim and Ana’s lives, their twenty-five years of marriage has not always been a bed of roses. Ana is scrupulously neat, while Jim is a little scatter-brained. Ana keeps a list of things that needs to be done and does them in an organized and timely manner. She likes getting an early start, eating breakfast and finishing work ahead of time. Jim has a tendency to oversleep in the morning, getting up really late on weekends, and spending half of the day sleeping during 2 vacations. He hates putting anything on his stomach before eleven in the morning and likes to work late at night. Ana would sometimes find Jim deeply asleep after she had her bath and breakfast on a day when they’re supposed to go to the dentist. At a time when Ana likes to get an early start, while Jim wasn’t complying, she’d often get bad-tempered and a little quarrel would ensue. These little quarrels didn’t get out of hand because both of them are capable of stepping back and releasing anger. More importantly, Jim and Ana avoid bringing up past issues during arguments. They stick to what’s at hand and settle them without resorting to foul language and by properly expressing their sentiments and criticisms in a constructive manner. 4. A good marriage is not just about seeing the good side of a person. It’s about knowing his or her little habits that may or may not turn out to be annoying. Each party has to accept the totality of the other person and learn to adjust and adapt. In a good marriage, the couple must not try to change each other. Instead, they must try to meet in the middle and compromise. In a good marriage, the couple don’t start running away when things become a little complicated and difficult. 5. A good marriage, simply defined, is comprised of the good and bad things. There are times to laugh, to talk, to argue, and to make up. It is characterized by a lasting friendship where trust and responsibility go hand and hand. Meeting halfway and speaking up are necessary elements to make the relationship endure. Both parties must work hard and stick it out with one another through thick and thin. Husband and wife must selflessly think of each other’s welfare particularly when there are major issues to face and settle. It’s very important to do things together and to go away on vacations to recapture the moments when you both fall in love with each other.

Using the Spanish Verb Saber

Saber is a common verb whose basic meaning is to have knowledge or to have knowledge of. Although it is often translated as to know, it should not be confused with conocer, which also is often translated as to know. The basic meaning of saber can be seen most clearly when it is followed by a noun or a phrase functioning as a noun:  ¿Sabe alguien los horarios de los buses desde el aeropuerto? Does anyone know the times of the buses from the airport?Nuestra presidente no sabe inglà ©s. Our president doesnt know English.No se sabe mucho de su muerte. Not much is known about his death.Sà © bien la verdad. I know the truth well.Nunca sabemos el futuro. We never know the future. When followed by an infinitive, saber often means to know how: El que no sabe escuchar no sabe entender. The one who doesnt know how to listen doesnt know how to understand.No saben escribir en cursiva. They dont know how to write in cursive.El problema era que los dos no sabà ­amos nadar. The problem was that the two of us didnt know how to swim. Saber can mean to find out. This is especially true when it is used in the preterite tense: Supe que todos tenemos cosas en comà ºn. I found out that all of us have things in common.Nunca supieron que estaban equivocados. They never found out that they were mistaken. In context, saber can be used to say to have news about someone or something: No sà © nada de mi madre. I dont have any news about my mother. The phrase saber a can be used to indicate what something tastes like: Yo no he comido iguana, pero se dice que sabe a pollo. I havent eaten iguana, but they say it tastes like chicken. Remember that saber is conjugated irregularly.

American War Of Independence And The French Revolution Essay

Romanticism as a movement is as rebellious as its content. Lynch and Stillinger attempt to define it historically rather than continuously, naming it the â€Å"shortest †¦ period in British literary history† (3). They place it within the timespan of 1785 to 1832, beginning between the American War of Independence and the French Revolution and ending with the passage of the Reform Act in British Parliament. In this time of reflection and change, authors re-examined the previously discarded medieval romances and breathed new, strange life into them. Romantic art became a form of activism, against structures both political and poetic. To account for Romanticism’s â€Å"complex multiplicity† (4), Lynch and Stillinger mention five distinct characteristics of British Romantic work: the piece is written by a British author between 1785 and 1832, it is a response to a politically or socially impactful event, it features rebellion to convention, it is imaginative, and it utilizes imagery. Coronations, executions, massacres, abolition, wars, rebellions, and revolutions are a lot to handle in under half a decade. Constant change and turmoil was the reality for British Romantic writers (28- 29). With all these happenings, â€Å"political philosophy gained new authority in and through poetry and fiction† (4) as every Romantic author wrote asserting their two cents on the latest issue. They wrote with a purpose to spark new a new thinking or perspective on the subject, to â€Å"guide historical change† (4)Show MoreRelatedRevolutions: The Road to Independence Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesRevolution is a significant change of control or authority within a governmental setting. Most Revolutions are caused by political, social, and economic disputes. Consequently, the common matter for the American, French, and Latin America revolutions emerged to gain their own independence. 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The American Revolution was an influential time period, lasting from 1774-1783, where the 13 British colonies in the Americas rebelled against the rule of Great Britain for independence. The French Revolution was a period of chaos from 1789 to 1799, where the people of France tried to overthrow their monarchy, King Louis XVI. Both of these RevolutionsRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution E ssay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution was the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance worldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states but by the appearance of the newRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution was the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance wo rldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states but by the appearance of the newRead MoreThe Unjust American Freedom1447 Words   |  6 Pagesway the Americans gained independence may not be as valiant as it seems. The war lacked just war criteria despite many arguments. The idea was foolish and unnecessary and proved the lack of development amongst this young territory. Many factors lead to this premature uprising and the French and Indian War is a great reason for most of those factors. The decision by the American colonists to revolt against British rule was premature and overly aggressive. The American plea for a Revolution did notRead MoreThe American And French Revolutions1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe American French Revolutions The American Revolution and French Revolution were unique in world history because they used the ideas of freedom and equality from the Enlightenment, but understood them differently at the same time. Both revolutions occurred around the same time- the 18th Century, the American Revolution began on the 4th of July when Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence (Dr. Taylor). The French Revolution then follows in 1789, provoked by â€Å"...a greater demand

“Article 23 of the Indian Constitution †Tool of...

â€Å"Article 23 of the Indian Constitution – Tool of Protection against Exploitation† TABLE OF CASES * Gaurav Jain v. Union of India, AIR 1997 SC 3021 * In the matter of: Prison Reforms Enhancement of Wages of Prisoners, AIR 1983 Ker.261 * Labourers Working on Salal Hydro Project v. State of Jammu Kashmir,AIR 1984 SC 177 * Nihal Singh v. Ram Bai, AIR 1987 MP 126 * People’s Union of Democratic Rights v. Union of India, AIR 1982 SC 1473 * Raj Bahadur v. Legal Remembrancer, Govt. of West Bengal, AIR 1953 Cal 522 * Ram Kumar v. State of Bihar, AIR 1984 SC 537 * Rohit Vasavada v. Ge. Man., IFFCO, AIR 1984 Guj 102 * R.K Tangkhul v. R.S. Khullakpa, AIR 1961 Man 1 * Sanjit Roy v. State of†¦show more content†¦* Pandey, J.N., ‘The Constitutional Law of India’, 47th Edition. This book contains numerous case laws which are relevant and thus it helps in better understanding of the topic with ease. Also, the case laws are very briefly stated so as to give an idea and gist of the case in a significant manner. CHAPTER II ------------------------------------------------- Right against Exploitation Article 23, being a fundamental Right, have assumed great significance and have become potent instruments in the hands of the Courts to ameliorate the pitiable condition of the poor in the country. According to Article 23 (1), traffic in human beings, beggar, and other similar forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law. Article 23 (1) proscribes three unsocial practices, viz. 1) beggar; 2) traffic in human beings; 3) forced labour. A significant feature of Article 23 (1) is that it protects the individual not only against the State but also against the private citizens. 2.1 ABOLISHMENT OF BEGGAR The term beggar means compulsory work without payment. Beggar is labour or service which a person is forced is forced to give without receiving any remuneration for it. The practice was widely prevalent in the erstwhile princely States in India before the advent of theShow MoreRelatedSocial Justice And Empowerment Assignment3787 Words   |  16 Pagesprogress. We need two kinds of identity for living in any society, those are social and economic who has social power they also will also possess the economic power and for ruling on any society these powers are very important. Due to long time exploitation and ignorance, marginalized people are having their life in harsh poverty, illiteracy, health problem, malnutrition and superstition, etc. In India, we can categorize marginalized people based on caste, gender, disabled, minorities (religious,Read MoreMemorial: How to Prepare for the Moot Court Competition6544 Words   |  27 PagesJournal 2.4 Articles 2.5 Cases 2 3 4 4 4 5 7 8 9 10 12 25 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 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Koito Case Free Essays

string(37) " a higher dividend can be justified\." Koito-Pickens-Toyota Case Question 1 The Japanese corporate governance system differs vastly from the US system. Discuss corporate governance issues that may arise under the Japanese keiretsu. The corporate governance system in Japan is widely different from the US one insofar as it mostly involves a unique business model called â€Å"Keiretsu†. We will write a custom essay sample on Koito Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Keiretsu is a form of corporate structure that groups a set of companies with interlocking board of directors and common business interests. Thus, due to its particular structure, some governance problem may arise under this Japanese Keiretsu: ) Issues from the perspectives of financiers Because the business is considered almost like an extended family, the financing may become political and the Japanese Keiretsu will almost always give favor to members of their Keiretsu. This could lead the financiers, for instance, to finance a company member of their Keiratsu they wouldn’t have finance otherwise. As far as the potential financiers are concerned, the main issue is the difficulty to enter and invest in the Keiretsu. Getting financial information about the Keiretsu firms could be complicated insofar as the financial and accounting statements are not disclosed. Thus, such discretion could lead to an ambiguity or a lack of understanding from an outside perspective. Actually, the keiretsu are just trying to protect themselves from what they fear the most that is to say the yakuza and the greenmailing. b) Issues from the perspectives owners As mentioned above, the keiretsu are suspicious towards the â€Å"outside† and this behavior may make foreign owners face some difficulties. Because the keiretsu system is much more in favor of inside shareholders than the outside ones, the former may find some difficulties to make the most of their shareholder rights. And this can maybe explain why the outside shareholders are often a minority in comparison with the shareholders of the keiretsu. Moreover, even if one of the outside owners becomes the biggest one, as T. Boone Pickens did, he may not be able to use his rights as he hoped. c) Issues from the perspectives suppliers One of the main issues for external suppliers is to the relationship between OEMs and suppliers that often leads to dumping on the prices and enables the outside supplier to compete with such cheap prices. As far as the integrated suppliers are concerned, the exclusive partnership with the keiretsu they belong enables them to do business with another leading firm and to gain market shares. d) Issues from the perspectives employees On the one hand and in case of horizontal integration, the very structure of a Keiretsu can lead into a confusion in management. The management transfers are so frequent that employees do not understand for which company they really work for is. One the other, the strong stability that comes out from this system could lead to a lack of action and performance from employees. Question 2 What were T. Boone Pickens’ motives when he bought the share? In the eyes of many, Mr. Pickens was only acting as a front man for Mr. Watanabe, a well-known green mailer in order to pave a way to gain power and control over the corporation. Mr. Pickens denies all these accusations of greenmailing by claiming that he bought the share to carry out a â€Å"test case† in order to evaluate the accessibility of the market. In others words, his initiative has the only aim of checking whether the United States could make, in the future, profitable investments in Japan depending of the degree of welcome of the market. Moreover, it is not implausible to think that one motive of T. Boone Pickens was the quest of profit. It should be borne in mind T. Boone Pickens targeted Koito as an undervalued investment opportunity in so far as he anticipated a Koito stock rise due to the tight link between Toyota and Koito. The good performances of Koito stock combined with the rise of the net income and sales reinforce this idea due to the fact that the shareholder’s average annual return has impressively increased. So the pursuit of rise of the dividends could have motivated him to buy the share. As the largest shareholder of Koito Manufacturing, is he entitled to representation on the board, does Japanese law allow for that? If not what in the law could he use to get an equivalent result? With 26. 4% of stock, T. Boone Pickens should have been entitled to representation on the board of Koito insofar as the Japanese law gives him rights due to the fact that he owns more than 10% of stock. But not so in the Japanese Keiretsu point of view. He was overwhelmingly denied board access in a 1989 annual meeting. †¦It is not a custom in Japan just to say, ‘I’ve become a major shareholder so I should become director. ’†, said Takao Matsuura, president Koito Manufacturing Ltd. There are reasons to wager that his seat on the board was compromised by the fact that the company considers him as a greenmailer. Knowing that T. Boone Pickens was planning to increase his stake to 30%, he could obtain board representation by acquiring 4% more than what he expected . In fact, the Japanese law states that those with at least 34% ownership could propose special shareholder resolutions. An alternative would be to establish a new relationship between Mr. Pickens and all the members of the keiretsu based on loyalty and transparency. They would not suspect him of greenmail anymore. We can suppose that T. Boone Pickens has chosen this way insofar as he supported the adoption of a proposal prohibiting Koito from paying greenmail. Question 3 Besides board representation, T. Boone Pickens demanded higher dividend payouts. Were his demands justified? Provide quantitative evidence to back your answer. Besides board representation, T. Boone Pickens asked for higher dividend payout saying that â€Å"Boone Co’s philosophy was to put stockholder interests first† (page 7) and in this very case, his demand for a higher dividend can be justified. You read "Koito Case" in category "Papers" Indeed, when we look at the dividend payout ratio for the period 1982 – 1985 (Table 1), it decreases meanwhile the retained earnings was increasing (Table 2). Moreover, at the same period, the proportion of cash was also increasing. In others words, the retained earnings were not invested enough and stay as cash. Then in 1986, we noticed that the payout ratio increased up to 39% and at the same time the retained earnings and the cash goes strongly down. Finally, almost the same phenomenon is observed between 1988 and 1990. In other words, the payout ratio is not positively correlated to the retained earnings which are not invested and stay as cash. Table 1 Table 2 Is there anything in the Japanese commercial code that would allow Pickens to try to get more dividends? If yes, why doesn’t he use this? If not, based on your experience as an international investment banker, what changes would you recommend him to propose? In order to increase dividends, T. Boone Pickens had several solutions. Indeed, many researches on the conflicts of interest between majority and minority shareholders show that dividend  payout  is negatively related to ownership concentration and support the assumption that large shareholders do not appear to use dividend policy to remove excess  cash. In other words,  firms with concentrated ownership are less likely to increase dividends when profitability increases and more likely to omit dividends when investment opportunities improve. So, T. Boone Pickens could decrease the ownership concentration of Koito. There are also some more aggressive solutions to get more dividends. T. Boone Pickens could increase his shares ownership in order to increase his decision power in the General Assembly insofar as â€Å"a owner of 34% or more of the outstanding stock could propose special shareholder resolutions†. Question 4 Pickens accused Toyota of limiting profits earned by Koito Manufacturing. Explain how the mechanism works? This mechanism is related to the very structure of keiretsu insofar as Toyota, like most Japanese OEM, owns equity positions in its suppliers. In 1986 almost half of Koito’s output was bought by Toyota and at the same time, Toyota has built a dominant position over Koito by having a 19%-part of Koito’s ownership. Therefore, Toyota was not just one of Koito’s customers but also one of its owners. Through its powerful influence and thanks to the close and informal relationship between Toyota and its suppliers, the car manufacturer had been able to negotiate supply contracts, lower prices and then limited profits earned by Koito. Is this a self-dealing transaction? According to Steven L. Emanuel (â€Å"Corporations†, 2009), a self-dealing transaction occurs when three following conditions are met : (1) A key player (officer, director or controlling shareholder) and the corporation are on opposite sides of a transaction, (2) The key player has helped influence the corporation’s decision to enter the transaction (3) The key player’s personal financial interests are at least potentially in conflict with the financial interests of the corporation. In the case of Koito, 3 members out of 23 are Toyota’s executives. Even if these 3 members are no longer Toyota’s executives, the Japanese notion of loyalty and the business relations between Toyota and Koito (Toyota buy 48% of Koito’s output) could imply that these three chairmen could act in favor of Toyota or at least try to satisfy the two companies. And in this way, the supplier was treated unfairly and conflicts of interests might have occurred. If Pickens gets access to financial information, how can he set out to prove his accusations? If you were an investment banker, what accounts or data would you tell him to scrutinize. If Pickens gets access to financial information, he could analyze the Income Statement and compare the evolution of the growth of sales and the growth of gross profit over these past years. Generally, sales and gross profit evolve in the same direction unless there is a below cost-selling. However, here we noticed for example that in 1986, as sales had grown by almost 10,2%, gross profit had grown by 7% and that in 1990, when the sales had grown by 10. 85%, gross profit had only grown up by 2. 8%. Such comparisons could be setting off alarm bells and could point out the fact that Toyota is limiting profits earned by Koito Manufacturing. On the other hand and if he can, he could also compare directly the price of goods sold to Toyota with the price of the same goods sold to minor customers such as Hino Motors. A high difference between the two prices combined with the fact that three directors of Koito are retired Toyota executives, would prove these â€Å"self dealing transactions†. Would you suggest to change the charter of the organization of Koito? As investment banker, I would suggest him to analyze thoroughly the income statements and the supply contracts between Toyota and Koito in details to reinforce his accusations. As far as the charter of the organization of Koito is concerned, I would suggest to add a clause which enables a person somehow related to a strong customer or a strong supplier to be appointed as director to Koito’s board of directors. Question 5 Toyota has threatened to cut all ties with Koito Manufacturing if Pickens take over the company. How would this affect Pickens investments? If you were a minority shareholder in Koito Manufacturing, whose side would you take? Calculate the value of your shares with or without Toyota. Because Toyota is the second largest shareholder in Koito and is its principal customer, representing 48% of the total sales (Exhibit 2), we may think that cutting ties with Koito Manufacturing will lead to huge losses, at least in the first year. Let’s then calculate the value of a share with and without Toyota. In order to use the Discounted Cash Flow methodology, here are the assumptions we made : * The value of the firm is equal to the value of the discounted cash flows for the next four years plus it’s terminal value. The same growth is expected for the coming four years (this growth was calculated as the mean of the previous years growth) * Because the lack of information concerning the cost of equity we used today Koito’s beta (1. 38), a risk free rate of 3% and a Rm of 10% (return on SP) in order to calculate an approximative WACC. Our calculations provide us with a WACC of almost 8%. With Toyota : Without Toyota : If I were a minority shareholder I would probably take Pickens’ side because he puts shareholder interests first. However, I would be careful and make sure that making stockholders’ interest first instead of company’s one will not damage the entity’s wealth. Based on your assessment of the case, are large shareholders an effective solution to corporate gouvernance problem? Based on the analysis of this case, it appears that being a large shareholder is not necessarily an effective solution to the corporate governance problem. Indeed, even if T. Boone Pickens is the largest shareholder, he actually has no influence on â€Å"management issues† including those which concern the amount of dividends paid. How to cite Koito Case, Papers